![]() ![]() It is a box with a small hole in one side, which allows specific light rays to enter, projecting an inverted image onto a viewing screen or paper. Renaissance painters used the camera obscura which, in fact, gives the optical rendering in color that dominates Western Art. A hole in the cave wall will act as a pinhole camera and project a laterally reversed, upside down image on a piece of paper. Leonardo da Vinci mentions natural camerae obscurae that are formed by dark caves on the edge of a sunlit valley. He also first understood the relationship between the focal point and the pinhole, and performed early experiments with afterimages, laying the foundations for the invention of photography in the 19th century. While the effects of a single light passing through a pinhole had been described earlier, Ibn al-Haytham gave the first correct analysis of the camera obscura, including the first geometrical and quantitative descriptions of the phenomenon, and was the first to use a screen in a dark room so that an image from one side of a hole in the surface could be projected onto a screen on the other side. The invention of the camera has been traced back to the work of Ibn al-Haytham. The Arab physicist Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) (965–1040) also invented a camera obscura as well as the first true pinhole camera. In the 6th century CE, Byzantine mathematician Anthemius of Tralles used a type of camera obscura in his experiments. Greek mathematicians Aristotle and Euclid independently described a camera obscura in the 5th and 4th centuries BCE. The discovery of the camera obscura ("dark chamber" in Latin) that provides an image of a scene dates back to ancient China. Photography is the result of combining several technical discoveries, relating to seeing an image and capturing the image. The inventors Nicéphore Niépce, Henry Fox Talbot, and Louis Daguerre seem not to have known or used the word "photography", but referred to their processes as "Heliography" (Niépce), "Photogenic Drawing"/"Talbotype"/"Calotype" (Talbot), and "Daguerreotype" (Daguerre). The astronomer Sir John Herschel is also credited with coining the word, independent of Talbot, in 1839. ![]() ![]() It was signed "J.M.", believed to have been Berlin astronomer Johann von Maedler. The article is the earliest known occurrence of the word in public print. The German newspaper Vossische Zeitung of 25 February 1839 contained an article entitled Photographie, discussing several priority claims – especially Henry Fox Talbot's – regarding Daguerre's claim of invention. The first use of the word by the Franco-Brazilian inventor became widely known after the research of Boris Kossoy in 1980. This claim is widely reported but is not yet largely recognized internationally. Hercules Florence, a French painter and inventor living in Campinas, Brazil, used the French form of the word, photographie, in private notes which a Brazilian historian believes were written in 1834. ![]() Several people may have coined the same new term from these roots independently. The word "photography" was created from the Greek roots φωτός ( phōtós), genitive of φῶς ( phōs), "light" and γραφή ( graphé) "representation by means of lines" or "drawing", together meaning "drawing with light".
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |